VS Code C/C++环境配置

一、环境

lsl

1 2	系统： Windows 10 专业版软件： Visual Studio Code 1.23.1

二、安装软件

安装Visual Studio Code

VS Code直接在官网下载,安装即可。

安装编译器

目前Windows下，VS Code调试仅支持Cygwin和MinGW。我们这里使用mingw-64。首先我们需要去官网下载mingw-64。这里我们下载离线安装包，下载过程如下图所示：

下载完成后，我们需要把安装包解压到一个目录下，这里我把它解压到C:\Program Files (x86)\mingw64下，然后记下这个目录的路径。

(如何选择适合自己的安装包，参考《⑨也懂系列：MinGW-w64安装教程》著名C/C++编译器GCC的Windows版本)

安装C/C++插件

打开VS Code，然后如下图所示安装插件：

三、添加环境变量

安装完mingw-64，我们需要把它添加到系统环境变量中。

进入文件资源管理器（Win+E），右击左边栏的此电脑,点击属性>高级系统设置>高级>环境变量。

然后选择系统变量中的Path，点击编辑>新建，然后进入mingw-64的安装目录，进入bin文件夹，复制目录路径，粘贴到新建变量，确定。

添加完环境变量后，我们可以按下Win+X选择Windows PowerShell，然后依次输入gcc -v、g++ -v、gdb来查看是否添加成功，如果出现如下画面，说明添加成功。

添加环境变量成功后，需要重启VS Code。

四、配置编译和调试环境

首先，我们需要创建一个项目文件夹，这里我在D盘创建了一个code_project的文件夹，然后用VS Code打开这个文件夹。

然后，我们要在code_project下新建一个.vscode文件夹，并且在.vscode文件夹下新建三个文件：

tasks.json、launch.json、c_cpp_properties.json。

这三个文件的内容分别为：

tasks.json

json

// Available variables which can be used inside of strings.
// ${workspaceRoot}: the root folder of the team        
// ${file}: the current opened file                     
// ${fileBasename}: the current opened file's basename 
// ${fileDirname}: the current opened file's dirname    
// ${fileExtname}: the current opened file's extension  
// ${cwd}: the current working directory of the spawned process
{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "presentation": {
                "echo": true,
                "reveal": "always",
                "focus": false,
                "panel": "shared"
            },
            "windows": {
                "command": "g++",
                "args": [
                    "-ggdb",
                    "\"${file}\"",
                    "--std=c++11",
                    "-o",
                    "\"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe\""
                ]
            }
        }
    ]
}

launch.json

// Available variables which can be used inside of strings.
// ${workspaceRoot}: the root folder of the team        
// ${file}: the current opened file                     
// ${fileBasename}: the current opened file's basename 
// ${fileDirname}: the current opened file's dirname    
// ${fileExtname}: the current opened file's extension  
// ${cwd}: the current working directory of the spawned process
{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(gdb) Launch",
            "preLaunchTask": "build",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": true,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "miDebuggerPath": "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/bin/gdb.exe", //GDB的路径，注意替换成自己的路径
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

注意：此处的GDB路径要替换成自己的编译器安装路径

c_cpp_properties.json

json

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Win32",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceRoot}",
                "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/*",
                "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32/*",
                "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/backward/*",
                "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/*",
                "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/tr1/*",
                "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/*"
            ],
            "defines": [
                "_DEBUG",
                "UNICODE",
                "__GNUC__=7",
                "__cdecl=__attribute__((__cdecl__))"
            ],
            "intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64",
            "browse": {
                "path": [
                    "${workspaceRoot}",
                    "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/*",
                    "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/x86_64-w64-mingw32/*",
                    "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/backward/*",
                    "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/*",
                    "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/lib/gcc/x86_64-w64-mingw32/7.3.0/include/c++/tr1/*",
                    "C:/Program Files (x86)/mingw64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/*"
                ]
            },
            "limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
            "databaseFilename": "",
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "cppStandard": "c++17"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

注意：这里的一大堆路径也要替换成自己的。

五、测试

我们在code_project文件夹下新建一个hello.cpp文件，输入以下代码：

cpp

#include <iostream>  
int main(void)  
{  
    std::cout << "Hello World" << std::endl;  
    return 0;  
}

我们点击左边栏，设置断点，按F5进行调试运行。如果出现下面的情况:

说明C/C++的环境就配置完成了，享受编程吧！

六、参考资料：

My vscode cannot recognize “cout” “endl” etc… (MinGW) #757

【VSCode】Windows下VSCode编译调试c/c++【更新 2018.03.27】

vscode的c、c++环境配置 windows篇

Visual Studio Code （vscode）编译C++